Metformin

What is Metformin?

  • Metformin is a medication commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

How Does it Work and Why is it Important to Take?

  • Metformin helps your body use insulin better, which lowers blood sugar levels and makes your body more sensitive to insulin.

  • This is important for managing diabetes and avoiding problems like heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve issues.

  • In PCOS, Metformin also helps regulate periods, control insulin, and boost fertility.

The Dose of The Medication

  • The usual starting dose of Metformin is 500mg a day, gradually increasing as directed by your clinician.

  • The maximum dose is 2g a day, potentially split depending on the formulation.

How and When to Take It

  • Take Metformin with or after meals. If prescribed once a day, take it in the evening.

What to Expect

  • Metformin may not cause noticeable symptoms, but it's important to continue taking it as prescribed.

What to Do if You Miss a Dose

  • If you miss a dose, skip it and take the next scheduled dose. Never double up on doses.

Possible Side Effects

  • Stomach pain

  • Diarrhoea

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Loss of appetite

  • Metallic taste

Management of Side Effects

  • Click here for common side effects and how to manage them.

  • If you experience a metallic taste, try sugar-free chewing gum.

  • Some side effects improve as your body adjusts.

  • If severe, persistent or bothersome side effects occur, consult your GP, local pharmacy, or NHS 111.

Common Interactions

  • Inform your clinician about all medications, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements.

Special Warnings

  • Limit alcohol intake to 14 units a week, as it can affect blood sugar control

  • Metformin can cause vitamin B12 deficiency; consult your GP clinician or NHS 111 for symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, mouth sores, or vision changes

  • If you experience symptoms of low blood sugar, such as feeling hungry, shaking, sweating, confusion, or difficulty concentrating while taking Metformin with other diabetic drugs, consume fast-acting sugars like juice or food, and contact your GP or NHS 111 if symptoms persist.

  • Dehydration can affect kidney function; if you experience vomiting or diarrhoea, follow 'Sick Day Rules' here.

Monitoring Your Progress

  • Regular check-ups with your GP clinician are vital to monitor blood sugar levels, kidney function, and overall health.

Where to Find More Information and Who to Contact

  • Refer to the patient information leaflet and the NHS website for more details.

  • If you have questions or experience unusual symptoms, contact your GP clinician, local pharmacy, or NHS 111.